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Electronic Theses and Dissertations

1. Zenas Bellace - Programming. Christian Plummer - Programming. Corey Novich - Programming, Level Design. Camden Segal - Programming, Level Design. David Stemmer - Programming, Level Design.
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Date of Award

Summer 8-2-2016

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science - Forestry

Department

Forestry

First Advisor

Dr. Christopher Comer Shooter ball mac os.

Second Advisor

Dr. Mike Blazier

Third Advisor

Dr. Roger Masse

Abstract

The increased demand for wood products related to industries such as bioenergy and paper has resulted in a need for a consistent supply of raw materials. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) plantations have the potential to boost wood production for pulpwood and biomass feedstocks. Species characteristics such as rapid, indeterminate growth, coppice regrowth, resistance to disease and insects, and tolerance of a range of environmental conditions make these species successful short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs). Camden white gum (Eucalyptus benthamii), a more cold tolerant species, has made management of eucalyptus plantations viable in southern portions of the United States such as the Western Gulf Coastal Plain. However, few data exist to determine biodiversity impacts of plantation conversion from pines (Pinus spp.) to eucalyptus. Rather, most literature compares biodiversity between native forests to non-native plantations in various parts of the world. To make a preliminary assessment of biological impacts from conversion of native plantations to eucalyptus plantations, I determined arthropod abundance, family richness, and diversity as an indicator of prey availability for breeding birds in eucalyptus plantations. I compared these results to slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations of similar age and also of similar height in southwestern Louisiana during bird breeding seasons of 2014 and 2015. I also compared avian diversity, occupancy, density, and community composition among stand types. Finally, I identified landscape and stand-level factors that affect occupancy by various avian species of conservation concern.

Eucalyptus plantations had similar arthropod richness and diversity to pine stands of both ages. Arboreal arthropod abundance was less in eucalyptus plantations and this may be attributed to their being an exotic species. However, arboreal arthropods were a minor component of overall arthropod communities across all stand types. Understory vegetation diversity and structure in eucalyptus stands were similar to younger pine plantations and may be the major factor influencing arthropod availability in all stand types. Contrary to arthropod occurrence, bird species occurrence and communities were more similar between eucalyptus plantations and mid-rotation pine plantations of similar height. However, these stands were still able to retain species and communities associated with early successional pine habitat, thus suggesting avian communities in young eucalyptus plantations were intermediate between the communities in 1-2-year-old and 6-7 year old pines. Future implications of conversion to these plantation types may include reduced arthropod abundance with stand age and reduced grassland-associated and cavity-nesting birds.

Repository Citation

Messick, Elizabeth J., 'BREEDING SEASON AVIAN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND PREY AVAILABILITY IN EUCALYPTUS AND SLASH PINE PLANTATIONS OF SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA' (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 49.
https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/49

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

Included in

Biodiversity Commons, Entomology Commons, Ornithology Commons, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences Commons

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By dynamically allocating storage to each server on the network based on actual need at any given time, SAN file systems address a host of problems inherent in the NAS storage paradigm. But are they worth the price?

For those companies, SAN file systems—a relatively new storage paradigm that dynamically allocates storage to each server on the network based on actual need at any given time—might fit the bill. SAN file systems are now available from a host of companies including Apple Computer Inc., IBM, Sun Microsystems Inc., ADIC (Advanced Digital Information Corp.), DataPlow, ClariStor and others.

Apple's 64-bit cluster Xsan file system for Mac OS allows organizations to consolidate storage resources and provide multiple computers with concurrent file-level read/write access to shared volumes over Fibre Channel, according to Alex Grossman, senior director of server and storage hardware at the Cupertino, Calif.-based company. The result, he says, is centralized storage management.

Other companies offer similar products. IBM's TotalStorage SAN File System provides a network-based, heterogeneous file system for data sharing and a centralized policy-based storage management capability, while ADIC's StorNext Management Suite for SANs combines a file system and storage manager to optimize the use of SAN storage and help ensure the recoverability of data, according to Paul Rutherford, vice president of technology at the Redmond, Wash., company.

While a traditional SAN alone is simply a way to use networking technologies—primarily Fibre Channel protocol over multimode fiber-optic cables—a SAN file system is an overlay on top of the SAN. 'It allows servers to communicate and access a variety of storage array types, providing true heterogeneity,' Rutherford said.

In addition, it allows a mix of hosts with heterogeneous operating systems to access the range of storage arrays through one common, logical point of access, said William P. Hurley, senior analyst for applications and software infrastructure at Enterprise Strategy Group in Portland, Ore.

'By providing one logical point of access, SANs perform faster, are easier to manage and can be used to consolidate a broad range of applications and their data sets,' he said.

SAN file systems address a host of problems inherent in the NAS storage paradigm. Chief among them is the ability to reprovision storage often and quickly as storage needs fluctuate.

'If you are overprovisioning storage on a manual basis and spending a lot of people resources to monitor and manage the growth of storage needs across each one of the servers, you might be a good candidate,' said Jeff Barnett, director of storage software at IBM.

'Ask yourself if your overprovisioning tends to result in underutilized capacity because the [database administrator] asked for two terabytes when he really didn't need that much.'

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Next Page: Does using a SAN file system boost security?

'NAS is available to anyone who can plug into the network, and Ethernet isn't very secure,' Grossman said. 'When you put the storage on a SAN, where it's block-level data and isn't attached to your Ethernet connector, security is much higher.'

The sheer volume of data an organization must manage today, which often includes complex financial data or large imaging files, also can prompt a switch to a SAN file system.

IT managers at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, a research organization at Columbia University, chose ADIC's StorNext SAN file system for that reason and more. The organization, which performs brain-imaging scans using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), must deal with files as large as 30G.

'We had to figure out a way to transmit these files throughout the institute without bringing down things like mail, Web services and other daily operations, so we couldn't put it on our regular network,' said Gerald Segal, chief information architect at the institute.

To solve the problem, Segal and his team settled on the SAN file system, which provided an effective way to transmit large amounts of imaging data supporting medical research. In addition, the team chose to use the SAN file system in an unorthodox way—as an image-distribution system.

'Most think of a SAN in terms of storing information and being a central repository, and we use it that way, but for us the added value is also using it to transmit image files,' Segal said. 'It's much less costly than if we went to a standardized imaging-distribution system to the tune of ten- or fifteen-fold in savings.'

Other companies are switching as well. BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee, for example, has installed a SAN file system from IBM to manage its burgeoning storage systems needs, which have grown twenty-fold during the past nine years.

Growth (camden Segal) Mac Os 11

But for some companies, the price of switching to a SAN file server may be prohibitive. A fully functioning SAN file system usually costs from $50,000 to $500,000, according to Enterprise Strategy Group. The price differential exists because some SAN file systems require the use of agents, and some vendors include a volume management tool, while others do not.

That price may simply be too rich for some organizations' blood. So, how do you decide whether your organization should take the plunge?

'We had to figure out a way to transmit these files throughout the institute without bringing down things like mail, Web services and other daily operations, so we couldn't put it on our regular network,' said Gerald Segal, chief information architect at the institute.

To solve the problem, Segal and his team settled on the SAN file system, which provided an effective way to transmit large amounts of imaging data supporting medical research. In addition, the team chose to use the SAN file system in an unorthodox way—as an image-distribution system.

'Most think of a SAN in terms of storing information and being a central repository, and we use it that way, but for us the added value is also using it to transmit image files,' Segal said. 'It's much less costly than if we went to a standardized imaging-distribution system to the tune of ten- or fifteen-fold in savings.'

Other companies are switching as well. BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee, for example, has installed a SAN file system from IBM to manage its burgeoning storage systems needs, which have grown twenty-fold during the past nine years.

Growth (camden Segal) Mac Os 11

But for some companies, the price of switching to a SAN file server may be prohibitive. A fully functioning SAN file system usually costs from $50,000 to $500,000, according to Enterprise Strategy Group. The price differential exists because some SAN file systems require the use of agents, and some vendors include a volume management tool, while others do not.

That price may simply be too rich for some organizations' blood. So, how do you decide whether your organization should take the plunge?

'It's a management issue,' said Brian Babineau, an analyst with Enterprise Strategy Group. 'Do I have to add another body to manage another device? How much more will that next device cost me? If it costs you another person or much more in software licenses, that's the point at which it becomes worth considering.'

Check out eWEEK.com's Storage Center at http://storage.eweek.com for the latest news, reviews and analysis on enterprise and business storage hardware and software.

Growth (camden Segal) Mac Os Download